免(mian)(mian)編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)是以(yi)普(pu)通(tong)銑(xian)床(chuang)的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)為基礎(chu)，結合(he)免(mian)(mian)編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)的特(te)點，綜合(he)運用多方面的知識(shi)解(jie)決免(mian)(mian)編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)面臨的工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)問題，其內容包括(kuo)金(jin)屬切削(xue)原理與刀(dao)具、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、典型零(ling)件加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)性分(fen)析等方面的基礎(chu)知識(shi)和基本(ben)理論。本(ben)章的宗旨在于(yu)(yu)從工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)際操作應用的角度，介紹免(mian)(mian)編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)所涉(she)及的基礎(chu)知識(shi)和基本(ben)原則(ze)，以(yi)便于(yu)(yu)讀(du)者(zhe)在操作實(shi)訓過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)科學、合(he)理地設(she)計加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，充(chong)分(fen)發揮免(mian)(mian)編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)的特(te)點，實(shi)現數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的優(you)質(zhi)、高產、低耗。

免編程數控銑(xian)床加工的主要對象

數(shu)(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)(xian)削是(shi)機械加(jia)工(gong)中最常用和(he)最主(zhu)要的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)加(jia)工(gong)方法之(zhi)一，它(ta)除了能銑(xian)(xian)削普通銑(xian)(xian)床所能銑(xian)(xian)削的(de)(de)各種零(ling)件表面(mian)外，還能銑(xian)(xian)削普通銑(xian)(xian)床不能銑(xian)(xian)削的(de)(de)需要2~5坐標聯(lian)動(dong)的(de)(de)各種平面(mian)輪廓和(he)立體輪廓。根據免編程數(shu)(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)(xian)床的(de)(de)特點，從銑(xian)(xian)削加(jia)工(gong)角度考慮，適(shi)合數(shu)(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)(xian)削的(de)(de)主(zhu)要加(jia)工(gong)對象有以下幾類。

（1）平(ping)面類(lei)零(ling)件(jian)

加(jia)工(gong)面(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)行或(huo)垂直于(yu)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)，或(huo)加(jia)工(gong)面(mian)與(yu)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)的(de)夾角(jiao)為定(ding)角(jiao)的(de)零件(jian)(jian)為平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)類零（圖2-1）。目(mu)前在免(mian)編程數控銑床上加(jia)工(gong)的(de)大(da)多(duo)數零件(jian)(jian)屬于(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)類零件(jian)(jian)，其特點是(shi)各個加(jia)工(gong)面(mian)是(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)，或(huo)可以展開成平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)。如(ru)圖2-1中的(de)曲(qu)線輪廓面(mian)M和正圓臺面(mian)N展開后均(jun)為平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)。

平面類(lei)零件是數控銑(xian)削加工中最簡單的一類(lei)零件，一般只(zhi)需用三坐(zuo)標(biao)免編程數控銑(xian)床(chuang)的兩坐(zuo)標(biao)聯(lian)動（即(ji)兩軸(zhou)半坐(zuo)標(biao)聯(lian)動）就(jiu)可以(yi)把(ba)它們加工出(chu)來。

                     

（2）變斜角類(lei)零件

加工面與水平(ping)面的夾角呈連續變化的零件(jian)(jian)稱為變斜角零件(jian)(jian)，如圖2-2所示的飛機變斜角梁緣條。

變斜(xie)角類零件(jian)的(de)變斜(xie)角加工面不能展開為平面，但在加工中，加工面與銑刀(dao)圓周(zhou)的(de)瞬時接觸為一條線。xx采(cai)用(yong)四坐標(biao)、五坐標(biao)免編程(cheng)(cheng)數控(kong)(kong)銑床(chuang)擺(bai)角加工，若沒有上述機床(chuang)，也可采(cai)用(yong)三坐標(biao)免編程(cheng)(cheng)數控(kong)(kong)銑床(chuang)進行兩軸(zhou)半近似加工。

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（3）曲面類(lei)零件

加工面為空間曲面的零件稱為曲面類零件，如模具、葉片、螺旋槳等。曲面類零件不能展開為平面。加工時，銑刀與加工面始終為點接觸，一般采用球頭刀在三軸免編程數控銑床上加工。當曲面較復雜、通道較狹窄、會傷及相鄰表面及需要刀具擺動時，要采用四坐標或五坐標銑床加工。        //xcmag.cn/